急性肺损伤是一种相对比较常见的危及生命的疾病，通常由败血症、外源性伤害、吸入酸性物质以及全身麻醉的并发症等引起。目前对急性肺损伤尚无有效治疗方法，但是12月份出版的《临床研究杂志》的一项报道显示，急性肺损伤病人有了新的治疗方法。
弗吉尼亚大学的Klaus Ley和同事们发现在用吸入酸性物质诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠模型中，血小板-中性粒细胞间相互作用对于病情的发展起着重要作用。减少小鼠体内的血小板数目或者抑制血小板与中性粒细胞间的相互作用可以减少肺中中性粒细胞的数量，从而降低了肺部炎性渗出，增加了肺通气量，提高了小鼠存活率。具体来说，体现在分子水平上就是由血小板产生的血小板蛋白对于调解血小板和中性粒细胞交互影响起着关键作用，它能够诱导血小板产生致炎因素如血栓素A2等，该文作者因此认为，或许破坏血小板与中性粒细胞间的相互作用或者阻断相互作用所产生的致炎因素可以提供一种新的方法用于治疗急性肺损伤。
在相关的评论中，Wolfgang Kuebler 提出尽管这项研究发现了血小板在急性肺损伤中的重要作用，但是或许血小板在其他肺部炎症性疾患如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病及肺囊肿中也起着重要作用。
Platelets Key To Acute Lung Injury
Main Category: Respiratory / Asthma News
Article Date: 06 Dec 2006 - 7:00am (PST)
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a relatively common life-threatening condition that can be caused by sepsis, trauma, and acid aspiration, which can be a complication of general anesthesia. Currently there are no good therapies for the treatment of ALI, but a study appearing in the December issue of the Journal of Clinical Investigation has identified new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of individuals with ALI.
Klaus Ley and colleagues from the University of Virgina show that platelet-neutrophil interactions have a key role in the development of disease in a mouse model of acid aspiration-induced ALI. Reducing the number of platelets in the mice or inhibiting the platelet-neutrophil interaction reduced the recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs, reduced lung permeability, improved gas exchange in the lungs, and prolonged survival. Mechanistically, expression of a molecule known as P-selectin by the platelets was crucial for mediating the platelet-neutrophil interaction, which induced platelets to produce proinflammatory factors such as TXA2. The authors therefore suggest that disrupting the platelet-neutrophil interaction or blocking the proinflammatory factors produced as a result of this interaction might provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of individuals with ALI.
In an accompanying commentary, Wolfgang Kuebler suggests that although this study highlights the importance of platelets in ALI, they might also have an important role in the development of other 'lung inflammatory disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis.'
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=58079
编辑：蓝色幻想
